Here are some synonyms of "even though" and an analysis of their meanings and usage:
1. Although
- Meaning: "Although" is a conjunction that means in spite of the fact that; even though. It is used to introduce a subordinate clause that presents a contrast or concession to the main clause. For example, "Although it was raining heavily, he still went for a jog."
- Usage difference from "even though": "Although" and "even though" are very similar in meaning and can often be used interchangeably. However, "although" might be considered a bit more formal in some contexts. "Even though" sometimes emphasizes the contrast more strongly and can have a slightly more emphatic tone.
2. Despite
- Meaning: "Despite" is a preposition that means without being affected by; in spite of. It is followed by a noun, a pronoun, or a gerund. For example, "Despite the bad weather, the concert was a great success."
- Usage difference from "even though": "Despite" is different in structure as it's a preposition rather than a conjunction like "even though". It focuses on the idea of something happening or being the case regardless of the opposing factor. You use a noun or gerund after "despite", while "even though" is followed by a full clause with a subject and a verb.
3. Notwithstanding
- Meaning: "Notwithstanding" is a preposition or an adverb that means in spite of; despite. As a preposition, it's followed by a noun, a pronoun, or a gerund. As an adverb, it can modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. For example, "Notwithstanding the difficulties, they managed to complete the project on time." (preposition) and "He was determined, notwithstanding, to achieve his goal." (adverb)
- Usage difference from "even though": "Notwithstanding" is a more formal and somewhat old - fashioned term. It can be used in a more legal or literary context. Its usage as an adverb in the middle of a sentence gives it a different flavor than "even though". It's less commonly used in everyday speech compared to "even though".
4. For all
- Meaning: "For all" means in spite of; despite. It's often followed by a noun or a noun phrase. For example, "For all his wealth, he was not a happy man."
- Usage difference from "even though": "For all" is a bit more idiomatic and has a slightly different emphasis. It often implies a kind of ironic or unexpected contrast given the factor mentioned. It's also less commonly used than "even though" and might sound a bit more archaic or literary in some contexts.